Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus 

 

GDM or Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is a type of diabetes that you can have when you’re pregnant. 

 

WHY DOES GDM HAPPEN?

Gestational diabetes is caused by hormones that are produced during pregnancy. These hormones can make the insulin in your body work less effectively than usual, which causes high blood glucose levels. 

 

Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus GDM in 2019 (%):

    • In Australia, 12.4% of all pregnant women were diagnosed with GDM;
    • In Brazil, 10.3% of all pregnant women were diagnosed with GDM;
    • In Europe, 16.3% of all pregnant women were diagnosed with GDM;
    • In the US, 22% of all pregnant women were diagnosed with GDM;
    • In the UK, 20.2% of all pregnant women were diagnosed with GDM.

 

WHEN SHOULD I BE TESTED?

All women are tested for GDM in the 24th to 28th week of pregnancy because the symptoms aren’t obvious. If you’re classed as higher risk group, you may speak with your doctor.

 

HOW IS GDM DIAGNOSED?

The glucose tolerance test is the test used to find out if you have gestational diabetes. It is a blood test that requires fasting for 8-10 hours, you must drink a glucose drink and further blood test at one and two hours later. You must stay at the laboratory for the 2-hours test.

 

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR GDM?

If you’re diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes, there is a specific treatment that it will be determined by your doctor based on your age, health and medical history. The treatment focus on keeping the blood glucose level in the normal range.

 

You are at higher risk of developing gestational diabetes if you:

 

    • Have had GDM in a previous pregnancy;
    • Have a family history of type 2 diabetes or a first-degree relative with a history of gestational diabetes;
    • Over the age of 35 years;
    • You are above the healthy weight range;
    • Have polycystic ovary syndrome;
    • Have previously had a large baby;
    • Are currently taking some types of antipsychotic or steroid medications.

 

PREVENTION

 

Suppose you adopt healthy habits before pregnancy may help you to prevent gestational diabetes. The goal is to help your body control its blood glucose levels as much as possible and reduce insulin demand. 

Here are our tips to help you:

 

    • Avoid foods made predominately from white flour;
    • Avoid foods with too much added sugar;
    • Have more protein-rich food;
    • Keep pregnancy weight gain within a healthy range;
    • Make sure to stay as active as possible.

 

 

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